The Nakhl Fort Oasis and the Maison Tropicale

Case Study

An analysis of Jean Prouvé's La Maison Tropicale and the Nakhl Fort and Oasis in Oman discussing relationships in climate responsive design, chains of production, enforced control and relief architecture.



Sunday, January 10, 2010

Blog Information Citations

Aronson, Shlomo. Aridscapes. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 2008.
A book targeting the dynamic building designs in arid climates.

Azimi, Roxana. "Un Centre Pompidou-Metz Brumeux" (2008).
http://www.artclair.com/jda/archives/docs_article/59681/un-centre-pompidou-metz-brumeux.php
(accessed January 9 2010).
A French article highlighting the opening of a new museum in France that will exhibit one of Prouve's Maison Tropicale and some more of Prouve's works.

Bourgeois, Jean-Louis and Pelos, Carol. Spectacular Vernacular. Salt Lake City: Gibbs M. Smith Peregrine Smith Books, 1983.
An in depth look at the vernacular structures of hot arid climates.

Cahoon, Ben. "Congo" (2000).
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Congo-Kinshasa.html
(accessed Janury 7 2010).
A website of the statistical research on the Congo.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9802E2DE163AF932A05752C0A96E9C8B63
(accessed January 10 2010).
An American article following up on the auction of la Maison Tropicale to Andre Balaz.

Daniels, Klaus and Hindrichs, Dirk. Plus Minus 20/40 Latitude. London: Axel Menges, 2007.
Understanding the demands of the two climate types following the latitudes in the title.

http://www.yale.edu/opa/arc-ybc/v33.n18/story8.html
(accessed January 10 2010).
A university newsletter highlighting la Maison Tropicale as part of the school's exhibition.

Dharmananda, Felix. "Myrrh and Frankincense" (2003). Available from: imitonline.
http://www.itmonline.org/arts/myrrh.htm
(accessed January 13 2010).
This site provided information on the religious background of Frankincense and Myrrh in the Arabian Peninsula, as well as information on the origin and harvest of Frankincense.

Eveno, Claude and Grillet, Thierry. Jean Prouve. Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou, 1990.
A book detailing the works of Jean Prouve including his sketches and early works with furniture.

Gardner, Alison. "From Rubble to Restoration" (2009).
http://www.travelwithachallenge.com/Oman-Forts-and-Castles.html
(accessed January 7 2010).
A great overview of Oman's forts and castles by a travel author. The article also details Nakhl specifically, including information about the fort's history, and its current function as a tourist attraction.

Gentleman, Amelia. "Bullet Holes Extra" (2004).
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2004/aug/31/architecture.regeneration
(accessed January 6 2010).
A website explaining the process of restoring les Maisons Tropicales.

Gordon, Alastair. "Out of Africa, A House Fit for a Kit Bag" (2004).
http://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/01/garden/out-of-africa-a-house-fit-for-a-kit-bag.html?pagewanted=all
(accessed January 7 2010).
A newspaper article explaining the process in which la Maison Tropicale was fabricated.

Guiler, Derek. "Democratic Republic of the Congo" (2002).
http://www.essortment.com/all/democraticrepub_raob.htm
(accessed January 7 2010).
A website explaining the history of the democratic of the Congo from colonization to the present day.

http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/16/nyregion/16house.html
(accessed January 10 2010).
An article in the New York Times covering the history and origin of les Maisons Tropicales set for auction.

Henry, Patrice. Jean Prouve: La Maison Tropicale, The Tropical House. Paris: Editions du Centre Pompidou, 2009.
A book written exclusively about la Maison Tropicale and it's history and creation, as well as the architect, Jean Prouve.

"Heritage Attractions" (2002). Available from: Omanet.
http://www.omanet.om/english/tourism/herit/forts.asp?cat=tour&subcat=herit1
(accessed January 7 2010).
A brief overview of various Omani forts that are now tourist attractions. The website provides locations and short notes on a handful of Omani forts.

Hiscock, Peter and Smith, Mike and Veth, Peter. Desert Peoples. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.
An in depth investigation on human adaptation to this extreme climate.

"History of the Congo" (2009). Available from: Friends of the Congo.
http://www.friendsofthecongo.org/historyofcongo/index.php
(accessed January 7 2010).
A website detailing the Congolese history.

http://djhuppatz.blogspot.com/2007/12/jean-prouvs-maison-tropicale-in-new.html
(accessed January 10 2010).
An internet blog written about la Maison Tropicale and it's travels through out history.

http://djhuppatz.blogspot.com/2007/05/jean-prouvs-maison-tropicale-in-new.html
(accessed January 8, 2010).
An internet blog written about la Maison Tropicale and it's travels, but a less informed version than the other blog.

Hyde, Richard. Climate Responsive Design. New York: E & FN Spon, 2000.
The book illustrates numerous energy efficient solutions to local climates.

"Jean Prouve" (2007). Available from: Design Museum.
http://designmuseum.org/design/jean-prouve
(accessed January 2010).
A biography highlighting the prolific life and work on French architect and interior designer Jean Prouve.

http://lamaisontropicale.com/www/
(accessed January 9 1010).
This is the main website devoted solely to la Maison Tropicale. It provided basic information on the Maison including things about Prouve, the construction and the history behind the Maison.

http://www.dezeen.com/2008/01/28/jean-prouves-maison-tropicale-in-london/
(accessed January 6 2010).
A post on the construction details of the newly restored Maison Tropicale in London, England.

http://www.sgallery.net/artnews/2007/05/24/jean-prouves-prototype-maison-tropicale-at-christies.html
(accessed January 7 2010).
An article highlighting la Maison Tropicale sold to Andre Balaz in the Christie Auction.

http://www.peace.ca/afcolonialismcongo.htm
(accessed January 7 2010).
The website encompasses the history of Congo and it's constant struggle through out French colonization.

King, Emily. "Grand Designs" (2007).
http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/grand_designs
(accessed January 5 2010).
A magazine article featuring La Maison Tropicale while it visited Salt Lake City and covered the Christ Auction.

Koch-Nielsen, Holger. Stay Cool. London: James & James, 2002.
Research on responses to the hot climates and how designs promote air flow.

Koenigsberger, Otto and Lynn, Robert. Roofs in the Warm Humid Tropics. London: Lund Humphries, 1965.
Understanding the use of materials in hot humid climates.

Konya, Allan. Design Primer for Hot Climates. London: The Architectural Press, 1980.
This book has information about the fundamentals elements of architecture that apply to human dwelling in warm climates.

Kukreja, C.P. Tropical Architecture. New Delhi: Tat McGraw-Hill, 1978.
A look at both traditional and modern decisions to facilitate architectural design in this undesirable climate.

Lawrence, A.W. Trade Castles & Forts of West Africa. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1964.
The morphology of forts and castles along the arabian trading belt, with specific information of their design, lay out and general use.

Lawton, John. "Oman: The Forts" (2004). Available from: Saudi Aramco World.
http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/198303/oman-the.forts.htm
(accessed January 7 2010).
An overview of forts in Oman and their functions in relation to trade and trade routes.

Mason, Brooke. "The Potency of Prouve" (2010). Available from: Artnet Design.
http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/mason/mason6-5-07.asp
(accessed January 7 2010).
A website explicitly describing Prouve's works and other arts in the Christie Auction.

http://www.etravelblackboard.com/showarticle.asp?id=79274&nav=65
(accessed January 7 2010).
A website detailing Oman's role in the ancient Frankincense trade route.
O'day, Kathleen. "Tropical or Colonial?" (1990).
http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11112009-125538/unrestricted/odaythesis.pdf
(accessed January 7 2010).
This is an essay, a graduate student wrote on the struggle between colonization and the ways of the indigenous people.

Oliver, Paul. Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Information about how the climate of the Arabian Peninsula effects vernacular design, detailing in construction materials and methods.

"Oman-History" (1999). Available from: Arabic German Consulting.
http://www.arab.de/arabinfo/omanhis.htm
(accessed January 7 2010).
The website provides a very discrete history of Oman, and includes only the most important points in history, and focusses primarily on the history of Oman from the 1950s onward.

"Oman Information Center" (2006). Available from: Omaninfo.
http://www.omaninfo.com/oman/history.asp
(accessed January 5 2010).
This website provides a very basic overview of Omani history from ancient times to the present. It features a short account of the Portuguese rule over Oman.

Peters, Nils. Prouve. Hohenzollernring: Taschen, 2006.
This book was helpful in understanding the background of La Maison Tropicale more thoroughly. It was a source for some diagrams and also helped in furthering our understanding of the construction of the Maison. Also, it provided insight into Prouve's ideas and reasons behind building the Maison the way he did. Measurements of the Maison was found in the book and helped to us to create drawings.

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=asfx7w84nM&refer=muse
(accessed January 10 2010).
An article about la Maison Tropicale selling in the Christie auction in New York City.



www.tate.org.uk/about/pressoffice/pressreleases/2008/14056.htm
(accessed January 5 2010).
The website of Tate Modern promoting the new Jean Prouve exhibition, which includes one of his Maisons Tropicales.

Remmele, Mathias. Jean Prouve. Barcelona: Ediciones Poligrafa, 2007.
Understanding Prouve's key icons and his design history.

http://www.inhabitat.com/2005/08/12/jean-prouve-three-nomadic-structures/
(accessed January 6 2010).
An article on the three prototypes that Jean Prouve created for the French Government in West Africa.

Rubin, Robert. "Jean Prouve: Tropical House" (2005).
http://hammer.ucla.edu/exhibitions/detail/exhibition_id/105
(accessed January 10 2010).
An article written by an owner of one of Prouve's Maisons Tropicales. He writes about the history of the house and promotes the exhibition being held at UCLA.

Salmon, Cleveland. Architectural Design for Tropical Regions. Toronto: John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
Learning how to design for the climate and how to maximize on vernacular techniques.

Sulzer, Peter. Jean Prouve Complete Works Volume 2: 1934-1944. Basel, Birkhauser - Publishers for Architecture, 2000.
Works on Prouve's later works as an architect rather than solely as an interior designer.

Sulzer, Peter. Jean Prouve Highlights 1917-1944. Basel: Birkhauser - Publishers for Architecture, 2002.
The prolific achievements of French architect Jean Prouve encompassed by his industrialization philosophy.

Teller, Matthew. "Frankincense and Camel Jumping" (2009). Available from: Quite Alone.
http://quitealone.com/2009/08/28/frankincense-and-camel-jumping/
(accessed January 14 2010).
Used to construct a map of trade routes through Arabia.

"The Ancient Perfume Route" (2010). Available from: WysInfo DocuWebs.
http://www.wysinfo.com/Perfume/Perfume_route.htm
(accessed on January 7 2010).
A very detailed account of the Frankincense trade route, also known as the Perfume Route.

http://njisworld.wordpress.com/mr-duells-articles/the-dark-continent-european-colonization-in-africa/
(accessed January 7 2010).
Speaking about the constant struggle of colonization in West Africa.

"The Fate of Arabia Felix" (2006). Available from: Economic History of the World.
http://simun.info/ehlog/
(accessed January 14 2010).
Explains the origins of frankincense and the depicts the trade routes along the Arabian Peninsula.

"The Frankincense Story". Available from: Omni Consumer Products.
http://www.ocp.org.uk/frankincense_story.htm
(accessed January 13 2010).
A complete historic compilation of the uses and religious ties of frankincense to the people, and the trade and locations of the fort.

"The Three Routes" (2007). Available from: Islamic Archaeology Glossary.
http://proteus.brown.edu/islamicarchaeologyglossary2007/4803
(accessed January 7 2010).
An account of the three trade routes of the Islamic world including a detailed map of the trade routes.

"Timeline-Oman" (2009). Available from: BBC News.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/2448259.stm
(accessed January 12 2010).
This website provides a very detailed timeline of the history of Oman after the introduction of Islam. The timeline focusses on recent Oman history from the 20th century.

"Timeline Oman" (2009).
http://timelines.ws/countries/OMAN.HTML
(accessed January 12 2010).
This website provides a great timeline that gives an overview of Oman's history, including a great deal of information on pre-Islamic and ancient Oman. The timeline spans from 6000 B.C. all the way to 2009.

Toy, Sidney. A History of Fortification. London, Heinemann Educational Books, 1966.
A book encompassing the morphology of Forts along the trade routes.

"Trade" (2009). Available from: Penn Museum.
http://www.penn.museum/sites/iraq/?page_id=52
(accessed January 7 2010).
A brief overview of ancient Arabian trade routes including a map detailing the route into the Gulf of Oman.

Vegesack, Alexander van. Jean Prouve: The Poetics of the Technical Object. Vitra Design Stiftung, 2005.
A book studying the works of Jean Prouve and his industrialized approach to design.



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